Traceable inputs

Sources behind
the estimate.

Every active input has an original publication or table. Check its date, coverage and the way it is used before interpreting a result.

Population by single year of age and sex

We start with all adults of your selected sex in your chosen location, then keep your chosen ages. The final age option includes everyone aged 90 and over.

Reference
Mid-2024
Coverage
United Kingdom, countries and English regions
Table / query
MYE2 - Persons / Males / Females
SHA-256
f78d50e8d77fe5ed9d04667d6875aefcf62b56380af7aceb2e90dce067981526

Original publisher ↗ · Retained data

Marital status and living arrangements

We use the published age-and-sex groups. Single means not living with a partner; some people may be dating someone who lives elsewhere. Partnered means a married/civil-partnered or cohabiting couple sharing a home. Divorced and widowed describe legal marriage status and may include people with new partners. England-and-Wales rates are used as a proxy elsewhere.

Reference
2025
Coverage
England and Wales
Table / query
1–3 (legal status); 4–6 (living arrangements), 2025 columns C–E
SHA-256
d7b21bf5c4bcac4fc1274edb7cfe9d8ee28a44717bcb5f1229558dbae911ef1e

Original publisher ↗ · Retained data

NHS Health Survey for England 2024

Height uses measured average heights for each age and sex, plus a normal curve and your assumed spread. The spread is not an NHS statistic. BMI uses measured age-and-sex category shares. England survey rates are a proxy elsewhere; BMI does not describe appearance.

Reference
2024
Coverage
England, ages 16+
Table / query
Tables 1 and 3; 2024 column AE
SHA-256
856b7bb4a92d1a6942f474f95572c4f5d200a533a02eff3be9e5856342310d36

Original publisher ↗ · Retained data

HMRC Personal Incomes Statistics

We divide published taxpayer counts by all UK adults of the same sex. This is total taxable income before tax, including pensions and investments. Rates are not specific to age or region. A threshold within a source band uses linear interpolation; this remains an approximation.

Reference
2023/24
Coverage
UK taxpayers
Table / query
Table_3_3_before_tax; counts in thousands, converted to people
SHA-256
ad063b06b2bdeef8600dbbb09d48153337a4966f8c7eea50df7a2e0304ebd73e

Original publisher ↗ · Retained data

ONS Sexual orientation by age and sex

We use reported sexual identity by age and sex. Other identities and unanswered questions are not assigned to any group. Identity does not establish attraction to a particular person. The 16–24 band is used for ages 18–24.

Reference
2024
Coverage
UK household population, ages 16+
Table / query
Table 6b, rows 113–115 (men), 118–120 (women); D/G/J/M/P percentages, adjacent CV and CI columns
SHA-256
f5a82b1c8fc62eae844fe2e0028501ebdbd48be8e024d349eccf771bce5088ff

Original publisher ↗ · Retained data

ONS Census 2021: qualification, ethnicity, age and sex

This step uses ethnicity within the selected qualification, age and sex group, preserving the measured overlap between those preferences. These are 2021 Census counts. English regions use England rates; Scotland and Northern Ireland use an England-and-Wales proxy.

Reference
2021
Coverage
England and Wales; country, sex and age-band specific
Table / query
Census observations: ctry × highest_qualification × sex × resident_age_11a × ethnic_group_tb_6a; 2,112 observations
SHA-256
fe0f501cded712f763812ca27f055876162b6b212f1e25fe343487edcd652a22

Original publisher ↗ · Exact API query ↗ · Retained data

Qualifications within the joint Census table

Census counts combine age, sex, qualification and ethnicity. HNC/HND, degrees and postgraduate qualifications share one category. Apprenticeships and unknown-level qualifications stay separate. English regions use England rates; Scotland and Northern Ireland use an England-and-Wales proxy.

Reference
2021
Coverage
England and Wales; country, sex and age-band specific
Table / query
Census observations: ctry × highest_qualification × sex × resident_age_11a × ethnic_group_tb_6a; 2,112 observations
SHA-256
fe0f501cded712f763812ca27f055876162b6b212f1e25fe343487edcd652a22

Original publisher ↗ · Exact API query ↗ · Retained data

Ipsos Royal Foundation Annual Perceptions 2025: children and parental responsibility

Ipsos counts children aged 17 or under living permanently or temporarily with an adult who has parental responsibility. Published age rates are used for both sexes because joint age-and-sex rates are unavailable; ages 18–24 use the 16–24 band. Children living elsewhere, grown-up children and different co-parents are not counted. The question does not distinguish biological and adopted children.

Reference
2025
Coverage
UK adults16+; age-group proxy for each sex
Table / query
QD6 Table636 page172
SHA-256
7b2b64e5818b4f7fa557e0eedeebde58181f3a1eb8dae6e131a570746086203d

Original publisher ↗ · Retained data

Children and co-parents

Ipsos counts children aged 17 or under living permanently or temporarily with an adult who has parental responsibility. Published age rates are used for both sexes because joint age-and-sex rates are unavailable; ages 18–24 use the 16–24 band. Children living elsewhere, grown-up children and different co-parents are not counted. The question does not distinguish biological and adopted children.

Household measures do not establish whether an adult has grown-up children or children living elsewhere. The number of different co-parents is not included.